Where can you go on foot, by bike or by boat? It depends on where you are. England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland all have different rules, and landowners often have a say too.
For an organised activity day, the provider normally deals with permissions. If you are organising your own walk, ride or paddle, it helps to know the basics.
Public rights of way in England and Wales
- Footpaths are for walkers
- Bridleways are for walkers, cyclists and horse riders
- Restricted byways are open to walkers, cyclists, horse riders and horse drawn vehicles
- Byways open to all traffic can also be used by motor vehicles
These are shown on Ordnance Survey maps, and you can follow them over private land. Stay on the route, close gates behind you and leave crops alone.
Open access land
In England and Wales, some mountain, moor, heath, down and common land is mapped as open access land, where you can walk freely. Cycling, horse riding and camping are not normally allowed there unless the landowner or a local arrangement says so. Access can be restricted for things like nesting season, so look for signs.
Scotland
Scotland has a right of responsible access to most land and inland water, set out in the Scottish Outdoor Access Code. It covers walking, cycling, paddling and wild camping, as long as you act responsibly. There are some exceptions, such as private gardens and farmland with growing crops.
Northern Ireland
Rules in Northern Ireland differ again, and public access is more limited. Check locally before you go.
Rivers and water
Access to rivers and canals in England and Wales is often by agreement with the owner or navigation authority, and paddlers may need a licence or membership. Our rivers and waterways guide has more.
The Countryside Code
Whatever the rules, the Countryside Code sets out the basics. Respect everyone, protect the environment, enjoy the outdoors and be ready for the weather. Keep dogs under close control and leave no litter.
Drones and flying
Flying a drone outdoors has its own rules, including permission from the landowner and keeping clear of people and wildlife. Do not fly near nesting birds or livestock. Take a look at the national rules before you fly.
When in doubt
Ask the landowner, a local club or the provider. They will know what is allowed and what is not.
In short:
- Rules differ between England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland
- Stay on rights of way and respect signs
- Ask if you are not sure